Friday, December 7, 2007

Conventional Ball Recirculation Circuit

Today's blog entry relates to ball screws. My references include the following:

1. Jim Breen's WWWJDIC Server
2. AHR International
3. NSK Corporation
4. Barnes Industries, Inc.
5. Europe NSK
6. Australia NSK
7. Thomas Net Industrial News Room
8. CD-ビジネス技術 実用英語大辞典
9. CD-The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

Here is the original Japanese:
  • 従来チューブ循環方式
Here is the original translation:
  • conventional tube type
Let's break it down:
  • 従来 conventional
  • チューブ tube
  • 循環 recirculation
  • 方式 method
My suggestion for this translation would be:
  • conventional ball recirculation circuit
  • external ball return system
Notes:
  • "method" is defined as a means or manner of procedure, especially a regular and systematic way of accomplishing something: a simple method for making a pie crust; mediation as a method of solving disputes. Thus, "method" is not an appropriate when talking about the way ball bearings recirculate inside the circuit or system of a ball screw.
  • "system" is used by some ball screw manufacturers, but I think this word is a little vague.
  • "type" is also a little bit vague, but might be OK for conversation. Among engineers, however, it would be better to use an exact phrase that is clear and concise.
  • "tube" sounds a bit too amateurish for me. Also, "tube" does not tell us exactly what function it performs.
  • "recirculation circuit" clearly tells us what function is performed and how. Furthermore, "recirculation" is consistently used by bearing engineers across several fields at various companies across the globe.
Any comments or questions? Click on the "comments" link to contact me.

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Tuesday, October 23, 2007

Corporate Citizen

Here is the latest example of directly translated English (和英直訳):
  • (the company) as a member of the society [Japanese English]
I would suggest the following phrases:
  • corporate citizen
  • corporate citizenship
  • (the company is) aware of its role in society
Here are some real-world examples:
  • Such investing focuses generally on companies that are environmentally friendly or good corporate citizens. (The Nikkei Financial Daily Monday edition; Monday, January 22, 2007; Balance Of SRI Funds At Leading Trust Banks Doubled In '06)
  • Atsuko Yamakawa will lead Nomura's efforts to promote its corporate citizenship as the head of a designated office to be formed next month at the group's headquarters. (The Nikkei Financial Daily Friday edition; Friday, June 16, 2006; Nomura Securities Appoints Its 1st Female Department Head)
  • Solar cells in general are expected to play an important role in society's efforts to reduce greenhouse gases, and Japan is technologically adept in this field. (Nikkei Weekly, July 30, 2007 Issue; Quantum dots fuel solar cells)
Glossary:
  • corporate citizen: 企業市民
  • good corporate citizen: よい企業市民/良き法人市民:
  • corporate citizenship: コーポレート・シティズンシップ、社会の一員としての企業の責任・義務
  • Council for Better Corporate Citizenship: 海外事業活動関連協議会 (Link)
  • global corporate citizenship: 世界企業市民 (Link)
  • ボストン・カレッジ企業市民センター(CCC: Center for Corporate Citizenship): 米国を拠点とするシンクタンク。多国籍企業の社会貢献活動の定義付け・計画・実行を支援する。活動目的は、企業活動が及ぼす社会、経済、人的資源における影響力を企業利益に結びつけること同時に、持続的な世界の実現にも寄与すること。

References:

1. Nikkei Net Interactive
2. The Hitachi Foundation
3. Nestle Group
4. 英辞郎第三版

Sponsored Links:


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Friday, October 19, 2007

Received High-Reputation

Today's Phrase:
  • 市場から高い評価をいただいてきました
Let's break it down:
  • 市場 【しじょう】 market
  • 高い 【たかい】 high
  • 評価 【ひょうか】 assessment
  • いただいてきま receive
One mistranslation that I have seen for the above phrase is "received high-reputation from the market." The major problem with this translation is "received."

The Japanese maker of gadget A did not actually "receive" a reputation from the marketplace. Use "receive" for something tangible. For example:
  • I received 100 dollars as a birthday present from my uncle.
  • おじさんから誕生日プレゼントとして100ドルをもらいました。
I would suggest that the translator/author use a different verb for "received." Here are a few suggestions:
  • (Company A) continues to enjoy a favorable reputation in the marketplace.
  • Our company enjoys a favorable reputation in the marketplace.
  • Our xyz gadget has a good reputation in the marketplace.
More examples of using 市場から~評価を~:
  • a good reputation in the marketplace as being honest and honorable
  • a solid reputation in the marketplace
  • an unsurpassed reputation in the marketplace
  • have a poor reputation in the marketplace
  • managing our reputation in the marketplace will optimize our ability to achieve
  • an outstanding reputation in the marketplace leads to long-term success
  • has an excellent reputation in the marketplace
  • maintaining a reputation in the marketplace
  • branding can increase profitability and improve ~ products’ reputation in the marketplace
  • continues to grow and its reputation in the marketplace
  • a sound reputation in the marketplace
  • can better leverage reputation in the marketplace
  • fine reputation in the marketplace
  • poor safety compliance could cause loss of reputation in the marketplace

References:

1. 大辞林第三版
2. CD-ビジネス技術 実用英語大辞典
3. CD-The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
4. 英辞郎第三版

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Saturday, September 22, 2007

Kunrei-shiki Rōmaji vs Modified Hepburn

"Hello. My name is Katuo Zyuniti. I love the Tokio Giants. I work for the Mitutoyo company in Sinzuku. My wife often goes grocery shopping at the Meidiya grocery store. Last weekend, my family went for a drive around Mt. Huzi in Sizuoka in my brand new Mitubisi. Next week, we will go to Titibu to buy a Keepon robot made my Hideki Kozima."
Kunrei-shiki romanization (Monbusho system) is the official romanization system of the Japanese government and has been approved by ISO. Unfortunately, Kunrei-shiki is confusing and of little use to people who are not familiar with Japanese phonology.

Although the Japanese education ministry and some in Japanese academia insist on using Kunrei-shiki even in the 21st century, effective and professional writers almost never use it. In fact, the standard of romanization used by the world's leading publications, most international Japanese corporations, most Japanese news publications, and even most ministries of the Japanese government is a modified version of the Hepburn style of romanization.

Why not used the official version of romanization? Because Kunrei-shiki is useless to non-Japanese who don't have a knowledge of Japanese phonology. In fact, most Japanese would have difficulty reading and understanding the paragraph at the top of this page because it is written in Kunrei-shiki romaji. Kunrei-shiki is perfect for some Japanese or non-Japanese who have a good understanding of Japanese phonology. Kunrei-shiki romaji was developed so that non-Japanese can read the names of persons, places, and things in Japan. Ironically, it doesn't work very well because the authors chose to use English letter combinations that have almost no equivalent or corresponding pronunciation in the English language. Basically, Kunrei-shiki causes miscommunication, confusion, and prohibits the smooth flow of communication. For example, the "tu" in "Katuo" reads as "kah-two-oh." Shinjuku becomes Sinzuku (seen-zoo-koo); Kojima become Kozima (koh-zee-ma); Mitsubishi becomes Mitubisi (mee-two-bee-see); and so on.

Thus said, romaji should be such that in promotes clear, concise, and quick communication regardless of the reader's knowledge of Japanese phonology. Accordingly, most Japanese, most English publications printed by Japanese publishers would never use Mitubisi, Kozima, Sinzuku, Mt. Huzi, etc., because it would cause confusion and mispronunciation for most readers.

If you intend to communicate with non-Japanese, then think less about the accuracy of converting Japanese characters into a phonologically correct version of romaji and think more about communicating effectively with your audience. If you try to communicate with your audience foremost in mind, you will convey your message much more clearly and with less distraction. What's more important? Phonologically correctiveness or quick, clear, and concise communication?

If you are an engineer--focus more on clear and concise communication and less on phonological accuracy!

"Hello. My name is Katsuo Junichi. I love the Tokyo Giants. I work for the Mitsutoyo company in Shinjuku. My wife often goes grocery shopping at the Meijiya grocery store. Last weekend, my family went for a drive around Mt. Fuji in Shizuoka in my brand new Mitsubishi. Next week, we will go to Chichibu to buy a Keepon robot made my Hideki Kojima."
Download a romaji-kana conversion table here.

References:

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Tuesday, September 4, 2007

塑性曲げ増大

Today's phrase is 塑性曲げ増大. Let's break it down:
  • 塑性曲げ 【そせいまげ】 plastic bending (of a shaft)[1][2]
  • 増大 【ぞうだい】 enlargement
The original Japanese was:
  • 高速の為、周辺の温度が上昇→塑性曲げ増大
The translation was:
  • Ambient temperature rises due to high speed → Plastic bending increases
My suggested rewrite was:
  • Ambient temperature rises due to high speed resulting in an increase of plastic deformation.

References:

1. Animelab.com: Japanese -> English Dictionary. Retrieved 2007-09-21.
2. 日本機械学會論文集. Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. A
Vol.61, No.584(19950425) pp. 755-759. 社団法人日本機械学会 ISSN:03875008. Retrieved 2007-09-21National Institute of Informatics


Additional Reading:



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リン酸塩被膜

Original Japanese
  • リン酸塩被膜により、~低減、~防止
    • リン酸塩 【りんさんえん】 phosphate
    • 被膜 【ひまく】 (n) coating
    • 低減 【ていげん】 reduce
    • 防止 【ぼうし】 prevent
Original Mistranslation
  • reduction of ~ and ~ prevention by bonderizing
Suggested/Corrected Translation
  • reducing ~ and improving ~ resistance has been achieved by treating the surface with a phosphate coating
  • reducing ~ and improving ~ resistance has been achieved by applying a phosphate film to the surface
  • reducing ~ and improving ~ resistance has been achieved by applying a phosphate coating to the surface
  • reducing ~ and improving ~ resistance has been achieved by treating the surface with a phosphate coating
  • reducing ~ and improving ~ resistance has been achieved by coating the surface with phosphate

References




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Thursday, August 23, 2007

Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL)

Today's term:
  • elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL)
    • 弾性 【だんせい】 (n) elasticity, resilience, resiliency
    • 流体潤滑 【りゅうたいじゅんかつ】 fluid lubrication, thick film lubrication
Online references regarding this topic:
Here are some common mistranslations or variations that I would discourage writers from using:
  • elastic fluid lubrication film
  • Elasto- Hydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL)
  • elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication
References


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No-Go Side--Tolerance Limit

Today's topics is:
  • ..."no-go side" tolerance limit
Alternate versions of this terminology are:


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Monday, August 20, 2007

Saimitsuka

Today's word is: 細密化

Let's break it down:
  • 細密【さいみつ】 minuteness
    • Alternate translations and real-world usage: closely; closer; minutely; minute; elaborate; detailed; fine; close; exact; precise
  • 化 【か】 (suffix) -ization; -ification
My first impulse was to translate 細密化 as miniaturization, which of course is incorrect. The translation I saw was subdivided as in "thickener* was subdivided" (増ちょう剤を細密化)

Needless to say, this translation was difficult for me to understand. My understanding of this grease product was that the thickener was modified to improve its dispersibility within the base oil, thus helping the grease to disperse more evenly within the bearing, which helps improve bearing durability, wear resistance, and helps reduce grease related noise. In the end, I retranslated the phrase 「増ちょう剤を細密化」as "improve thickener dispersibility."

I might be wrong, but some Japanese engineers tend to take a noun, such as 細密, and add the suffix 化 to create a new term. In my experience, this habit of adding 化 to a noun to create a new word is a sign of intellectual laziness, intellectual arrogance, or outright ignorance.

* thickener refers to component that is mixed with a base oil to form a grease that is used in bearing grease (i.e. ball bearing grease; roller bearing grease; etc.)



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Wednesday, August 8, 2007

Long Service Life

Breakdown of 長寿命化

  • 長寿命【ちょう・じゅ・みょう】long + lifespan + life
  • 化【か】[suffix] ~ization; ~ification

「長寿命化」の直訳

  • 長寿命化: long life-ication; long life-izaiton

「長寿命化」のよく見られ和英翻訳:

  • longevity
  • long operating life
  • long service life
  • long life
  • lifetime enhancement
  • measures (for improving) service life
  • extend life performance
  • facilitating product/component/part/etc. longevity
  • life extension

「長寿命化」の日本語・英語例文:

  • 長寿命等級コンデンサ long-life grade capacitors
  • 長寿命リチウムバッテリー a long-life lithium battery
  • 長寿命インクジェットカートリッジ an extended-life inkjet cartridge
  • 牽引力増強, 衝撃吸収, 長寿命化のためのゴム製前部パッド a rubber forepart pad for traction, shock absorbency, and long wear
  • 高速長寿命グリースの開発 ―モータ軸受用グリース「ME-1」 Development of Long Life Grease for High Speed Application
  • ガラスのモールドプレスの際の高精度成形、成形の高速連続化、金型の長寿命化を目指して研究を行った。 This research has aimed at a high precision mold-press of glass, high rate continuous molding and a long-life mold.
  • 通信装置用ファンの長寿命化の検討 High Reliable Long Life Cooling Fan for Communication Equipment
  • 溶接構造物の長寿命化に寄与しうる鋼材とその利用技術 Functional Steel Plate and its application Technology for Fatigue Life Extension of Welded Structures

References:

  1. Glossary of Technical Terms in Japanese Industrial Standards 5th Edition
  2. ビジネス技術実用英語大辞典第4版
  3. NTN Corporation
  4. 大阪工業技術研究所; 東京工業大学応用セラミックス研究所; 東芝機械株式会社精密機器事業部
  5. NTT Network Service Systems Labs
  6. 住友金属工業 2住友金属工業

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Thursday, July 26, 2007

Favorable Reputation

Today's topic is the translation of 市場から高い評価をいただいてきました as found in an example from a Daiken Press Release (一般消費者をターゲットとする生活用品を市場投入!) [Cached copy available upon request]

Let's break it down:
  • 市場 【 しじょう】 market; marketplace
  • 高い 【たかい】high
  • 評価 【ひょうか】 (n,vs) valuation; estimation; assessment; evaluation
    • be highly regarded for... ~で(高く)評価されている
    • be valued highly as... ~として高く評価されている
    • be valued highly by... 〈人〉から高く評価されている
    • rate...as a success ~を成功として評価する
      頂く 【いただく】 to receive
Literal Translation:
  • market から + high + value を receive
  • Receive a high value from the market
Notes:
  • 市場から: from the market より、in the marketplace は英語でよく使われる語句。
  • 高い評価: high value より、favorable reputation は英語でよく使われる語句。
    • favorable reputation: 名声 【めいせい】 (n) fame; reputation; renown
  • 番付 【ばんづけ】 (n) ranking// 好評 【こうひょう】
  • 頂いてきました: この場合、recieve より、enjoy + [a favorable reputation 等] は英語でよく使われる語句。
Final Result:
  • 日本語:市場から高い評価をいただいてきました
  • 英語:enjoy a favorable reputation in the marketplace
References






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Saturday, June 23, 2007

December 22, 2006: 60-Second Science - The Noise of Toys

Go to the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN PODCASTS page and choose the December 22 podcast to listen to the podcast I have listed here. Listen to the podcast first and try to transcribe as much as you can.


After you try transcribing, then compare it to the version here. Can you fill in the blanks?

If you have small children, __________ __________ your house sounds something like this [noise]. Yes, it's __________, but parents beware--it could also be __________. Paul Kileny of the University of __________ warns that noisy toys might actually __________ a child's hearing. In the __________ of the holiday __________ , Kileny __________ by a toy store and measured the volume of the sound that comes out of various dolls, games, and musical instruments. He discovered that some items, such as an __________ player made for __________ , __________ a __________ __________ , which is the equivalent of a jet plane taking off--inside your head. To be __________ , Kileny says the toy shouldn't __________ 80 to 85 decibels--about the __________ of the average __________ cleaner. When you're out shopping for your __________ __________ , he suggests holding the gift __________ to your ear and letting her __________ . If it sounds loud to you, it will even sound louder to your kids because their hearing is more __________ than __________ . But what if your house is already filled with the happy __________ of children's toys, Kileny says take out the batteries--think of __________ __________ a gift to yourself.


How did you do? Here is the final answer key:


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Thursday, June 14, 2007

"Taisaku" in English

The word 対策 is typically mistranslated by Japanese Engineers. For example:

安全対策 safety countermeasure
パソコンのセキュリティ対策 computer security countermeasure
温暖化対策 global warming countermeasure
トラブルの原因と対策方法 trouble-diagnosis countermeasure
環境リスク対策 environmental risk countermeasure

A "countermeasure" is defined as "A measure or action taken to counter or offset another one."1
In other words, a countermeasure is a measure used against another measure. A countermeasure is not the first measure, but rather, the second or third measure against the first measure.

The Japanese word 対策 does not have the same exact meaning as the English "countermeasure" so please be careful!

So, what are some better ways to translate the above terms? Let's take a look.

安全対策 safety measures
safety precautions
precautionary measures
パソコンのセキュリティ対策 computer security measures
security measures for computers
温暖化対策 measures against global warming
measures to reduce global warming
combat global warming
efforts to address global warming
measures to cope with global warming
effective responses to global warming
トラブルの原因と対策方法 trouble-diagnosis chart
環境リスク対策 environmental risk management


Basically, if you want to use 対策 in a translated document, you should try to express in detail what kind of 対策. As always, try to express yourself in concrete details in English instead of vague terms, like 対策.

Good luck with your writing!


  1. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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Sunday, April 22, 2007

Environmental Global Protection

Here are some English phrases I have come across that were published by Japanese authors. I have rewritten and/or corrected the phrases, and have included some links to websites showing actual usage. If you come across similar phrases that you are unsure about, please ask me about them in class.

protection of global environment:

Although used by a few non-Japanese organizations, this phrase is more readily found in documents published by a few large Japanese corporations and the Japanese government. In the case of Japanese usage, the phrase tends to be a translation of 地球環境保全 (地球 earth; world, global + 環境 environment + 保全 preservation; conservation; protection). At the very least, this phrase needs a definite article (定冠詞) before the noun global environment. Therefore, “protection of the global environment” would be acceptable.

Personally, I don't like the usage of “protection” by corporations. Honestly, what corporation is so large that it can protect the environment? If you think about it, the very existence of a corporation impacts the environment. If a corporation really wanted to protect the environment, they would have to cease to exist!

Another point is the use of global environment. I know of no one company whose environmental policy will have a direct impact on protecting the environment on a global scale. True, efforts by companies can have an immediate effect on nearby waterways, local air quality, etc. However, if Sony switches from a petroleum-based plastic housing to a bio-plastic housing for their MP3 player, they may help reduce non-biodegradable waste that is dumped in landfills, but I wouldn't go so far as to say they are protecting the entire environment of the whole world!

Here are some suggested alternatives to protection of global environment:

Using the word preservation is a good choice. Companies can implement policies to reduce their impact on the environment, thus helping to preserve the current status or condition of the environment.

Examples:

  • Preservation of the environment is a fundamental duty of manufacturers.
  • 環境保全はメーカーに課せられた基本的義務である。1
  • Preservation of the natural environment must be our number one goal.
  • 自然環境の保存は、われわれの第一の目標でなければならない。2
More examples of excellent Japanese and English translations


Stating clearly green procurement standards for global environmental conservation and requesting that suppliers observe them.

(地球環境保全のためグリーン調達の基準を明示しお取引先様に遵守を求める。3)

Additionally, Japan continues to actively address environmental issues under the Medium-Term Policy on Official Development Assistance (formulated in August 1999) by providing cooperation in such diverse fields as air pollution, global warming, and the preservation of the natural environment in accordance with "Initiatives for Sustainable Development toward the 21st Century" (ISD).

(99年8月に策定した「政府開発援助に関する中期政策」においても「21世紀に向けた環境開発支援構想(ISD)」等に基づき積極的に取り組むこととされており、協力分野は大気汚染、地球温暖化、自然環境保全など多岐にわたる。4 )

Additional examples of usage by non-Japanese


environment protectionenvironmental protection

protection of the environmentpromotes environmental protection

contribution to the environmentcontributes to energy conservation

environment contributing productsenvironmentally sound products

for earth's environmental protection in response to environmental issues

for earth's environmental protectionin response to environmental concerns

for earth's environmental protection in response to environmental challenges

protection of the environment contributes towards protecting the environment

contributes towards environmental protection contributes towards protecting the environment

protection of the environment further promotes XYZ's commitment to environmental protection

contributes towards environmental protectionby making active contributions to environmental protection

improvement of environmental responsiveness have minimum impact on the environment

improvement of environmental responsiveness reduce environmental impact

環境対応型~ for environment responseis environmentally sound

環境対応型~ environmental protection dealing is environmentally sound

(products that) require environmental awareness(products that) lessen their impact on the environment

(products that) require environmental awareness(products that) reduce energy usage and minimize environmental impact

environmental pollution of the vehicle vehicle emissions

environmentally contributory (fuels)(fuels) that are environmentally friendly and clean-burning

~ is environment-saving ~ promotes efficiency and environmental compatibility

not hazardous to environment extremely exceptionally low impact on the environment

環境貢献型~ environment contribution type ~ ~ makes a contribution to safeguarding the environment5

環境貢献型~ environment contribution type ~ ~ makes a contribution to a cleaner working environment

環境貢献型~ environment contribution type ~~ contributes to a cleaner working environment


How to Indicate Eco Mark Products (エコマーク事務局 & 日本環境協会)

  • Environmental Protection Product Certified by the Eco Mark Office
  • Eco Mark Product
  • Eco Mark Product Certified by the Eco Mark Office
  • Eco Mark Product Awarded by the Eco Mark Office of the Japan Environmental Association
  • Environmental Protection Product Awarded by the Eco Mark Office of the Japan Environmental Association




  1. 科学技術和英大辞典(縮刷版) Japanese-English Science and Engineering Dictionary
  2. 英辞郎第三版
  3. ニコングリーン調達基準 / Nikon Green Procurement
  4. 外交政策、青書・白書・提言第2章分野ごとの日本外交 / Diplomatic Bluebook 2001, Chapter II. SECTION 4. B. Global Environmental Issues
  5. CD-ビジネス技術 実用英語大辞典 英和・和英/用例・文例 第4版








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The IDCS英会話 website by 池谷大星英語編集事務所 is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Ⓒ 2014 IDCS英会話
神奈川県小田原市栢山
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Monday, April 2, 2007

Underground Resources


Terms: 地下資源 underground resources

念頭にあるのは鉄鋼の原料炭や金、銅といったモンゴルの豊富な地下資源の開発。

http://woman.nikkei.co.jp
  • ねんとう【念頭】 bearing in mind; mindful of; be borne in mind that; in mind
  • てっこう【鉄鋼】iron and steel
  • げんりょう【原料】raw material; raw materials
  • すみ【炭】charcoal
  • 鉄鋼の原料 raw material for iron and steel
  • 原料炭 coal as raw material // coal for coke making // coking coal // metallurgical coal // original coal
  • 【きん】 金 gold
  • どう【銅】copper
  • モンゴル Mongolia
  • ほうふ【豊富】in abundance; a wealth of; a rich lode of; abundant; abounding in
  • ちか【地下】しげん【資源】 underground resources
  • かいはつ【開発】 develop
Mindful of strong interest in Mongolia's underground resources such as copper and coal, ... development...

http://www.nni.nikkei.co.jp

Creative Commons License
The IDCS英会話 website by 池谷大星英語編集事務所 is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright Ⓒ 2014 IDCS英会話
神奈川県小田原市栢山
All Rights Reserved.